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George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party, he was the 46th governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 before his presidency.

Bush, the eldest son of the 41st president, George H. W. Bush, and a member of the prominent Bush family, flew warplanes in the Texas Air National Guard in his twenties. After earning an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1975, he worked in the oil industry and later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team. Elected governor of Texas in 1994, he championed tort reform, increased education funding, raised school standards, and reformed the criminal justice system. Additionally, he played a significant role in making Texas a leading producer of wind-powered electricity. In the 2000 presidential election, Bush won against Democratic incumbent Vice President Al Gore in a highly contested race, ultimately decided by a Supreme Court ruling that halted a recount in Florida, despite losing the popular vote.

George W. Bush was born into a prominent political family; his father, George H. W. Bush, served as Vice President and President of the United States, and his mother, Barbara Bush, was a well-respected public figure. Raised in Midland and Houston, Texas, Bush was instilled with a sense of public duty from an early age. He attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, where he was known more for his social skills and enthusiasm for sports than for academic excellence.

Bush pursued higher education at Yale University, following in his father's footsteps. At Yale, he was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and the secretive Skull and Bones society. He graduated in 1968 with a Bachelor’s degree in History. Despite a middling academic record, his time at Yale helped shape his character and network of influential connections.

After Yale, Bush enlisted in the Texas Air National Guard during the Vietnam War, serving as a pilot. His military service has been the subject of scrutiny and debate over the years, particularly concerning his attendance and performance. Following his military stint, Bush earned a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from Harvard Business School in 1975, becoming the first U.S. President to hold an MBA degree. This education equipped him with a solid foundation in business and management, which later influenced his approach to governance and public policy.

George W. Bush's career began in the oil industry, where he founded Arbusto Energy, an oil exploration company, in 1977. The venture faced several financial difficulties and was eventually merged with another company. Despite these early business challenges, Bush gained valuable experience and contacts in the energy sector. In 1989, he became a managing general partner of the Texas Rangers baseball team, a role that increased his public profile and business acumen.

Bush's political career took off in 1994 when he ran for Governor of Texas. He won the election, defeating incumbent Ann Richards, and was re-elected in 1998 by a wide margin. As governor, Bush focused on education reform, tax cuts, and juvenile justice. His "Texas Miracle" in education, though later debated, was initially credited with improving student performance and accountability in Texas schools.

In the 2000 presidential election, Bush ran as the Republican candidate, emphasizing themes of "compassionate conservatism" and promising to restore integrity to the White House following the Clinton administration. The election was highly contentious and ended in a Supreme Court decision that effectively awarded Bush the presidency over Democratic candidate Al Gore.

Bush's presidency was dominated by the response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. He initiated the War on Terror, leading to the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. Domestically, he signed the No Child Left Behind Act into law, aimed at reforming education, and introduced tax cuts intended to stimulate the economy. His second term faced challenges, including the handling of Hurricane Katrina and the financial crisis of 2008. After leaving office in 2009, Bush has focused on humanitarian efforts, public speaking, and his presidential library and museum in Dallas, Texas.

George W. Bush's legacy is complex and often polarized. His response to the 9/11 attacks and the subsequent War on Terror defined much of his presidency. The invasion of Iraq, justified by the presence of weapons of mass destruction that were never found, remains one of the most controversial aspects of his tenure. Critics argue that the war led to long-term instability in the Middle East and strained international relations.

Domestically, Bush's policies had mixed results. The No Child Left Behind Act was praised for its focus on accountability but criticized for its emphasis on standardized testing. His tax cuts were popular among conservatives but were blamed for contributing to the budget deficit. The handling of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 was widely criticized for the perceived lack of federal response and coordination.

The 2008 financial crisis, which began in the final year of Bush's presidency, led to significant economic turmoil and required substantial government intervention. The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which included the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), was a key response to stabilize the financial system.

In his post-presidential years, Bush has focused on various philanthropic endeavors, including work with veterans and efforts to combat AIDS in Africa. He has also become known for his artwork, particularly his paintings of veterans and world leaders.

Bush's future legacy will likely continue to be debated, as historians and the public weigh his contributions against the controversies of his administration. His impact on U.S. foreign policy, particularly in the Middle East, and his approach to domestic issues such as education and economic policy will remain subjects of discussion and analysis.

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5. Bush, then the governor of Texas, was the commencement speaker at St. John's Academy in 1995: "An Inventory of Press Office Speech Files at the Texas State Archives, 1986, 1989–2000, undated (bulk 1995–2000)". Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Archived from the original on November 20, 2017. Retrieved May 1, 2008.